Introduction
The History teachers when teaching the revised History syllabus should enhance the development of skills that will harmonize with different public and private schools with real life situations. The teacher should encourage student-involvement in their own learning process by way of collecting data and information particularly through oral history and traditions- a very rich legacy in Somalia
The revised syllabus when taught also aims to sharpen the student’s critical and analytical skills through class debates on historical issues and concerns such as Khat, HIV/AIDS and environmental degradation.
In addition, teachers should encourage the students’ research skills and analysis of data through projects related to local historical issues such as environmental change and degradation, and histories of local landmarks and towns.
The syllabus incorporates topics that encourage students to view first hand the operations of their own local governments, historical sites and other institutions.
General Objectives
Teachers are advised to aadopt a practical approach by using real-life examples for topics and use any locally available materials
By the end of the course the student learner should be able to:-
Recognize and appreciate the importance of studying History.
Acquire knowledge, ability and show appreciation for critical historical analysis of socio-economic and political organizations of African societies.
Promote a sense of nationalism, patriotism and national unity.
Encourage and sustain moral and mutual social responsibility.
Identify, assess and appreciate the rich and varied cultures of Somali people and other people.
Promote a sense of awareness and need for a functional democracy of the Somali people and other nations.
Promote an understanding and appreciation of intra-national and international consciousness and relationships.
Derive through the study of History an interest in further learning.
Appreciate the importance of interdependence among people and among nations.
Identify, assess and have respect for different ways of life influencing development at local, national and international levels.
Demonstrate the acquisition of positive attitudes, values, and skills for self-reliance.
Acquire appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes.
Value History as a basis for technological and industrial development.
ANY APPROPRIATE HISTORY TEXTBOOKS can be used, but the recommended ones are:
Understanding the Somalis; Somali Nationalism; Somalia
A World History- Links Across Time And Place by Ross E. Dunn; The Illustrated History Of The World by Simon and Schuster
An Introduction to African History; Somalia
Themes in world history by Peter Wanyande ; Africans The History Of The Continent by John Illiffe
Mastering Modern World History by Norman Lowe
A History of Africa Vol I & Vol II by Assa Okoth
An introduction to African History by M.A. Ogutu
Outline of the history syllabus
Form one
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From Two
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Form Three
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From Four
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Term one
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Term One
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Term One
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Term One
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1. Introduction to History
2. African Traditional
Economics
3. Ancient Somali History
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1. An introduction to government
2. The Expansion of
Islam
3. The ottoman Empire
4. European
explorations and
expansion
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1. Somalia before the colonial rule
2. Imperial partition of Somali territory and rise of Somali Nationalism
3. Technological Revolution
4. Nationalism in
5. The WWI and its aftermath
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1. The rise and decline of communism
2. The rise of the dictators between the two world wars
3. WWII
4. The United Nations org.
5. Cold war
6. China conflicts
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Term Two
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Term Two
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Term Two
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Term two
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4. Ancient world
civilizations
5. The Rise of Islam
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5. The trans-Atlantic slave trade
6. European invasion and colonial administration in Africa
7. The rise and growth of African Nationalism
8. African Regional Bodies
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6. Other world religions
7.
8.
9. Pan Africanism
10. National Integration
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7. The military Coup of 1969
8. Civil war and international intervention in Somalia
9. Puntland since 1998
10. Problems in Africa after Independence
11. Conflicts in the Middle East
12. Democracy and Human Rights
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FORM ONE HISTORY SYLLABUS
BY the end of the course the learner should be able to:
NO
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Main Topic
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Sub. Topic
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Skills and Objectives
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1.
|
An Introduction to History
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· What is History
· The sources of African History e.g. oral traditions, written sources, languages, archeology and anthropology
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· Explain the term History.
· Identify sources of information on History
· Appreciate the importance of studying History
· Equip learner with the basic skills of data collection to recreate History
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2.
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African Traditional economies
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· Hunting and
· Gathering communities
· Pastoralists
· Agriculture; indigenous industries and trade
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· Appreciate important modes of production and their impact on early African societies.
· Identify origins of agriculture, its many causes and important consequences.
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3.
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Ancient Somali History
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· Emergence of the Somali people.
· Movement, expansion and settlement.
· Language, culture and religion.
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· Establish a critical and analytical approach to histories of traditions of origin.
· Recognize the various classifications of peoples.
· Weigh differences and similarities of traditions, customs and beliefs.
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4.
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Ancient World Civilizations
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·
· Ancient
·
·
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· Account for the factors that gave rise to the Egyptian Civilization
· Conceptualize the main features and achievements of the Egyptian civilization
· Appreciate the role of River Nile in the Egyptian life
· Explain how civilization began, developed and spread in
· Appreciate the role of river valleys growth and development of ancient civilizations.
· Appreciate linkages and cultural contributions of other world civilizations such as
· Weigh their contributions and achievements.
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5.
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The Rise of Islam
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· Prophet Mohamed and his followers
· The Prophet’s Holy wars
· His death and the era of the caliphs.
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· Describe the biography of the prophets and the Caliphs who succeeded him.
· Show the causes and consequences of the development of the Islamic religion.
· Explain how Islam affected the life of the Arab.
· Evaluate the achievements of Islam under the caliphs
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FORM TWO History syllabus
BY the end of the course the learner should be able to:
NO
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Main Topic
|
Sub-Topic
|
Skill and objectives
|
1.
|
An Introduction to Government
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· What is Government?
· Functions and political structures of Government
· Traditional forms of government
· Local government
· Functions of Local Government
· Management of local Govt.
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· Promote a sense of patriotism, nationalism and integration through awareness of governance issues and national unity.
· Appreciate the different types of government.
· Describe the various systems of governments.
· Evaluate functions of Local Government.
· Demonstrate the different functions of Local Government
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2.
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The Expansion of Islam
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· The Umayyad dynasty
· The Abbasid Caliphate
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· analyze the causes and consequences of Muslim Arab conquests
· Discuss the significance of expansion of Islam in Asia and Africa and relationship between Islamic law and Muslim conquests
· Explain factors led the decline of Umayyad dynasty and Abbasid Caliphate
· Analyze the contributions of Islam in Science, Arts and Literature.
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3.
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Ottoman Empire
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· The origin of Ottomans
· The conquest of
· The reign of Suleiman -The just-
· The decline of Ottomans
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· Discuss the factors that led the rise of Ottomans
· Explain factors that helped the expansion of
· Describe the factors contributed the down fall of Ottomans
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4.
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European explorations and expansion
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· Voyages of explorations
· Portuguese explorations and rounding the cape of good hope
· A Westward Voyage
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· Understand the new technologies helped the European sailors explore the oceans of the world
· Identify the factors that led
· Mention other nations explored the coast of North
· Explain how the voyages of explorations fuel rivalry among the European nations.
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5.
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The trans-Atlantic slave trade
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· Early slave trade before the trans-Atlantic slave trade
· Reasons that Europeans enslaved The Africans
· Slave trade in west Africa
· Slave trade in east and central Africa
· Problems faced the captured slaves
· The consequences of the slave trade on the African continent
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· Explain the slave trade activities before the trans-Atlantic slave trade
· Identify the factors that led Europeans to Enslave the Africans
· Compare and contrast how the slave trade effected the different African regions
· Evaluate the consequences of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
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6.
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European invasion and colonial administration in
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· The
· The establishment of colonial administration.
· Resistance and collaboration e.g. The Maasai, Menelik II, Maji Maji etc.
· Methods of administration e.g. direct and indirect rule.
· Indirect rule in northern
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· Analyze events that led to
· Trace factors that facilitated the conquest of the African continent.
· Compare and contrast trends in African collaboration and resistance: weigh the results.
· Evaluate reasons and results that accompanied resistance and collaboration.
· Identify and compare administrative methods used by different colonial powers.
· Weigh the consequences of colonial administration in
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7.
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The rise and growth of African Nationalism
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· Factors that led to the rise of African nationalism.
· Factors that strengthened nationalism
· A study of nationalism in the Horn of Africa,
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· Evaluate causes and consequences of the rise and development of African nationalism.
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8.
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African Regional bodies
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· OAU(AU)
· ECOWAS
· COMESA
· IGAD
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· Account for factors that led to the formation of regional bodies.
· Evaluate the successes and failures of these regional bodies.
· Debate on methods that can promote peace and economic development in
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FORM 3 history syllabus
By the end of the course the learner should be able to:
NO
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Main topic
|
Sub-topic
|
Skills & objectives
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1.
|
Somalia before colonial rule
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· The holy wars between Islamic states including Ifat, Dawaro, Bale, and Hadiya
· The early victories of Imam Ahmed Ibraham Al Ghazi against
· The effect of holy wars with
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· Discuss the different Islamic states lying to the south east of Christian Amhara kingdom
· Describe the aim of Ahmed Gureys’ war against
· Analyze the factors that led t his defeat
Evaluate the after math of holy wars with
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2.
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Imperial Partition of
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· British interest in
· French entrance in Somali territory
· Italian arrival in
· Ethiopian expansion in Somali territory
· Rise of Nationalist efforts in
· The wars of Mohamed Abdulla Hassan against the
· Short term and long term consequences.
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· Name the different colonial powers scrambled and partitioned in Somali territory
· Analyze the importance of Somali territory for colonial powers
· Evaluate the effects of the wars on the history and development of Somali people.
· Analyze the major outcomes of these wars on both the Somalis and colonizing powers.
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3.
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Technological Revolutions
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· The birth of modern technical society.
· European’s Scientific and technological advances
· The industrial revolution (Origin of factory system, transport revolution, communication revolution)
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· Discuss the meaning of the two terms science and technology.
· Weigh the importance of these developments to the advancement of the European society.
· Discuss the short term and long term effects of these technological developments.
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4.
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Nationalism in
(ADVANCED)
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· The unification of
· The unification of
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· Describe the movement of Italian nationalists to unite their country
· Indicate the role Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi played in winning Italian unity.
· Discus the problems faced
· Express obstacles to German unity
· Explain methods
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5.
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The First World War and its Aftermath
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· Causes of the war
· Results of the war
· The problem of making a peace settlement.
·
· Self determination
· The new map of
· The
|
· Outline the causes of World War I
· Analyze events and evaluate the effects of the war.
· Analyze the cause and consequences of the treaty of
· Recast the problems resulting from the war and its effect on social order.
· Describe the factors that led to the collapse of the
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6.
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Other World Religions:
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· Christianity and Judaism (People of the Book)
· The message of Jesus Christ.
· The teaching of Judaism.
· Other Believes (Buddhism and Hinduism)
· The teachings of Buddha
· Hinduism and the caste system
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· Describe what the early teachings of Christianity were.
· Compare and contrast the teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism.
· Explain how the basic believes of Hinduism developed.
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7.
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Somali between the world wars until 1960.
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· The extension of Italian rule in the south and Somali nationalists e.g. Omar Samantar and Hasan Barsane
· Nationalist organizations e.g. SNL USP and SYL in the South
· .
· Effect of the world war on the rise of Somali Nationalism
· The restoration of colonial frontiers from 1940 -1950
· From trusteeship to independence 1950 – 1960
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·
· Interpret events and analyze the Italian expansion in the south and role of Somali nationalist.
· Demonstrate the influence of wars on people’s thinking and its effects on the birth of Nationalism in the Somali area.
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8.
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· Results of two colonial legacies
· Referendum of 1961 and the abortive coup
· Strains between the North and South
· The role of SYL
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· Restate the Pan-Somali issues and the isolation of the republic in its historical context.
· Recall national in sentiments arising thereof.
· Recognize of the role of administration and mal-administration within the republic.
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9.
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Pan Africanism
(ADVANCED)
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· Pan Africanism activities
· Pan Africanism in
· Pan Africanism in 1945
· The achievements of Pan Africanism
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· Ascertain principles of Pan Africanism and its effects.
· Evaluate the achievement of Pan Africanism
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10
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National integration
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· Factors promoting national unity
· Factors limiting national unity
· Conflict resolutions
· Methods of resolving conflicts
· Processes of resolving conflicts.
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· Be aware of factors that promote and those that limit national unity
· Identify factors that cause conflict and offer possible solutions.
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FORM FOUR history syllabus
By the end of course the learner should be able to:
NO
|
TOPIC
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SUBTOPICS
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OBJECTIVES
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1.
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The rise and decline of communism
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·
· The revolutions of 1917.
· Lenin and Bolshevik deal
· Gorbachev and the end of communism.
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· Outline the factor that led to the rise and decline of the communist in
· Explain the deal between Lenin and Bolshevik.
· Describe ways used by Gorbachev to end communist policy in
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2.
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The rise of the dictators between the world wars
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· Relations between
· Mussolini’s foreign policy
· What were Hitler’s aims in foreign policy and how successful had he been by the end of 1938
· Appeasement
·
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· Recognize how the risen dictators in Japan Italy and
· Express how the policy of appeasement failed to stop world war II
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3.
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The 2nd World War
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· Causes of the 2nd World War
· Hitler’s role
·
· The result of the world war II
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· Interpret causes and the consequences of the international hostility in 1930’s. discuss the causes and the consequence of the 2nd world war.
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4.
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The United Nations Organization (UNO)
(ADVANCED)
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· Structure and functions of UN.
· Successes and failures of UN.
· The role of Muslims in UN
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· Identify reasons that led to the formation of UN
· Compare and contrast the UN with the
· Forecast emerging new roles for UN
· Evaluate its successes and failures.
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5.
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The Cold War
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· Post war Agreements
· Problems of international relations after the 2nd world war.
· Causes of the cold war.
· Spread of communism in
· The Détente.
· The collapse of communism in
|
· Evaluate the effects of the 2nd world war and relate it to the main causes and the consequences of the cold war.
· Assess the rise of the two super powers
· Recognize factors that lead to the collapse of the communism in the
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6.
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China conflicts
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· Revolution and the war lord Era
· The Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen and Chiang Kai-shek.
· Mao Zedong and the communist.
· Communist victory of 1949
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· Discuss the causes and the consequences of the civil war of
· Interpret events and analyze the communist victory over the Nationalists in
· Evaluate the results of communist
|
7.
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The Military coup of 1969
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· Dictatorship and Scientific Socialism
· The war of 1977 against
· The attempted coup of 1978
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· Describe the effects of prolonged warfare in Somali
· Describe the causes and the consequence of the 1977 war against
· Discuss the consequence of the attempted coup of 1978.
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8.
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Civil war and international intervention in
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· Descent into chaos,
· The collapse of the central government.
· Power struggle between the different warlords.
· International intervention .
· The TNG and the TFG.
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· Describe the situation of the country in the late 1980s .
· Analyze the causes of the collapse of the central government .
· Evaluate the impact of the power struggle between the warlords.
· explain the aim of the U.N.O.S.O.M. and the factors that led to its failure .
· Analyze the challenges and obstacles that faced the TNG and the TFG.
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9.
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Puntland since 1998
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· Background of Puntland
· Creation of Puntland
· Governance in Puntland
· Socio-economics of Puntland
|
· Describe the history of the region before the emergence of the Puntland government .
· Discuss the reasons behind the creation of Puntland .
· Analyze the governance in Puntland .
· Demonstrate the socio-economic situation of Puntland e.g. population density and distribution ,and economic sources and employment .
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10.
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Problems in Africa after independence
|
· Common problems to the African states.
· Democracy dictatorship ad military government in
· Civil war and corruption in
· Genocide in
· Socialism and civil war in Ethiopia.
|
· Compare the common problems among African countries.
· Discuss ways of solving the African problems.
· Extend the discussion on corruption and discuss the ways of solving it.
· Account for the causes and consequences of Genocide in
· Describe the causes and result of the civil war in
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11.
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Conflicts in the middle East
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· Arab unity and interference from outside world
· The creation of
· Arab –
·
· The six day war in 1967.
· The Yom Kippur war of 1973.
· Other gulf wars
|
· Recognize attempts made to increase Arab unity e.g. Arab league
· Discuss the causes and consequences of Arab Israel war in the
· Describe the political consequence of the creation of
· Analyze the role of the UN in the
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12.
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Democracy and human rights
(ADVANCED)
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· Definition, types and principles of Democracy
· Definition & classification of human rights
· The Bill of Rights
· UN Charter on Human Rights
· The Rights of the child
|
· Understand the terms: Human Rights and Democracy
· Identify types of Democracy
· Discuss the principles of democracy
· Identify the Rights of child
· Classify and discuss Human Rights
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